Poland

Battle of Grunwald, 1878 (fragment) by Jan Matekjko 

This is a small portion of the massive work Battle of Grunwald by Polish artist Jan Matekjko (1838-1893).  Matekjo often chose topics for his paintings of notable moments in Polish history.  This painting depicts the victory of Poland-Lithuania over the Germanic Teutonic Order on 15 July 1410.

The painting was one of the top items wanted by the Nazis for destruction, both because of its depiction of a famous Polish victory over the Germanic Order and because the Nazis attempted to destroy all aspects of Polish culture after invading the country during World War II.  The canvas was hidden in Poland until the end of the War despite a 10,000,000 ReichMark bounty.  

The full painting can be viewed at the National Museum in Warsaw and on the painting's Wikipedia page.